tenses


TENSES
Tenses adalah perubahan bentuk kalimat  yang dipengaruhi waktu terjadinya peristiwa.Sebenarnya tenses ada 16,tapi hanya 5 yang biasa dan sering digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Yaitu:
1.     SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
2.     PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
3.     PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
4.     SIMPLE PAST TENSE
5.     SIMPLE FUTURE

1.SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Bentuk kalimat  yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang biasa terjadi dimasa sekarang.

KALIMAT NOMINAL
Tobe simple present tense : I=AM, SHE/HE/IT=IS, YOU/WE/THEY=ARE
RUMUS :
S + TOBE + 3C (noun,adjective,adverb)
S + TOBE + NOT + 3C
TOBE + S + 3C ?
EXAMPLE :
I am a student                            Rani is beautiful                    They are in classroom
I am not a student                     Rani is not beautiful              They are not in classroom
Am I a student?                          Is Rani beautiful?                  Are they in classroom?

KALIMAT VERBAL
Auxiliary verb simple present tense : I/YOU/WE/THEY=DO, SHE/HE/IT=DOES
RUMUS :
S + V1 + S/ES + O
S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1 + O
DO/DOES + S + V1 + O ?
EXAMPLE :
I eat rice every day                                She buys fruit salad every day
I don’t eat rice every day                      She doesn’t buy fruit salad every day
Do I eat rice every day?                                    Does she buy fruit salad every day?


2.PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang terjadi dimasa sekarang.

KALIMAT NOMINAL
Tobe simple present tense : I=AM, SHE/HE/IT=IS, YOU/WE/THEY=ARE
RUMUS :
S + TOBE + 3C (noun,adjective,adverb)
S + TOBE + NOT + 3C
TOBE + S + 3C ?
EXAMPLE :
I am a student                            Rani is beautiful                    They are in classroom
I am not a student                     Rani is not beautiful              They are not in classroom
Am I a student?                          Is Rani beautiful?                  Are they in classroom?

KALIMAT VERBAL
RUMUS :
S + TOBE + Ving + O
S + TOBE + NOT + Ving + O
TOBE + S + Ving + O ?
EXAMPLE :
I am studying English now
I am not studying English now
Am I studying English now?

3.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau tapi masih dilakukan sampai sekarang atau pengaruhnya masih dirasakan sampai sekarang.

KALIMAT NOMINAL
Tobe present perfect tense : I/YOU/WE/THEY=HAVE BEEN, SHE/HE/IT=HAS BEEN
RUMUS :
S + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + 3C
S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + 3C
HAVE/HAS + S + BEEN + 3C
EXAMPLE :
I have been a student                            Budi has been a teacher
I have not been a student                     Budi has not been a teacher
Have I been a student?                         Has Budi been a teacher?
KALIMAT VERBAL
Auxiliary verb present perfect tense : I/YOU/WE/THEY=HAVE, SHE/HE/IT=HAS
RUMUS :
S + HAVE/HAS + V3 + O
S + HAVE/HAS + NOT + V3 +O
HAVE/HAS + S + V3 + O ?
EXAMPLE :
I have eaten rice just now                    Toni has bought a car yesterday
I have not eaten rice just now              Toni has not bought a car yesterday
Have I eaten rice just now?                  Has Toni bought a car yesterday?

4.SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan tidak hubungannya dengan masa sekarang.

KALIMAT NOMINAL
Tobe simple past tense : I/SHE/HE/IT=WAS, YOU/WE/THEY=WERE
RUMUS :
S + TOBE + 3C (noun,adjective,adverb)
S + TOBE + NOT + 3C
TOBE + S + 3C ?
EXAMPLE :
I was a student                           Rani was beautiful                They were in classroom
I was not a student                    Rani was not beautiful          They were not in classroom
Was I a student?                                    Was Rani beautiful?              Were they in classroom?

KALIMAT VERBAL
Auxiliary verb simple past  tense : I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT=DID
RUMUS :
S + V2 + O
S + DID + NOT + V1 + O
DID + S + V1 + O ?
EXAMPLE :
Mirna went to market yesterday
Mirna didn’t go to market yesterday
Did Mirna go to market yesterday?

5.SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dimasa yang akan datang.
KALIMAT NOMINAL
Tobe simple future tense : I/YOU/WE/THEY/SHE/HE/IT=WILL BE
RUMUS :
S + WILL + BE + 3C (noun,adjective,adverb)
S + WILL + NOT + BE + 3C
WILL + S + BE + 3C ?
EXAMPLE :
I will be a student                      Rani will be beautiful                        They will be in classroom
I will not be a student               Rani will not be beautiful                 They will not be in classroom
Will I be a student?                    Will Rani be beautiful?                     Will they be in classroom?

KALIMAT VERBAL
RUMUS :
S + WILL + V1 + O
S + WILL + NOT + V1 + O
WILL + S + V1 + O ?
EXAMPLE :
I will buy motorcycle tomorrow
I will not buy motorcycle tomorrow
Will I buy motorcycle tomorrow?

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